Essay PYQs
48 mains questions (2013–2026) across 23 micro-themes, ranked by how often UPSC asks them — the themes at the top carry the most weight. Each question shows its year and marks. Filter by year to see how the paper's focus has shifted.
How this paper changed, 2013-2026
Each bar is one year's paper, split by the 5 most-asked themes. Themes that widen over time are where the paper-setter's attention is moving.
Marks mix per year
The Essay paper is fixed at two 125-mark essays every year - there is no marks mix to track. What moves instead is the kind of topic asked; the theme ranking above is the closest thing to a trend this paper has.
Browse Essay questions
48 questions
Force vs Influence
5 questions- 2026125 marks
A good leader is one who follows the followers.
- 2025125 marks
The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.
- 2024125 marks
The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.
- 2022125 marks
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
- 2021125 marks
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
Discovery vs Creation
4 questions- 2026125 marks
Nature is the symbol of the spirit.
- 2025125 marks
Thought finds a world and creates one also.
- 2021125 marks
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
- 2021125 marks
The real is rational and the rational is real.
Action vs Inaction
4 questions- 2026125 marks
Shelving hard decisions is the least ethical course.
- 2025125 marks
Muddy water is best cleared by leaving it alone.
- 2024125 marks
The cost of being wrong is less than the cost of doing nothing.
- 2022125 marks
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.
Having vs Wanting
3 questions- 2026125 marks
A grateful mind is very beautiful.
- 2025125 marks
Contentment is natural wealth; luxury is artificial poverty.
- 2021125 marks
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
Intuition vs Logic
3 questions- 2023125 marks
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
- 2022125 marks
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
- 2021125 marks
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge.
Permanence vs Change
3 questions- 2026125 marks
A thorn is a changed bud.
- 2022125 marks
You cannot step twice in the same river.
- 2021125 marks
There are better practices to “best practices”.
Process vs Goal
3 questions- 2025125 marks
It is best to see life as a journey, not as a destination.
- 2024125 marks
There is no path to happiness; Happiness is the path.
- 2023125 marks
Not all who wander are lost.
Adversity vs Power
3 questions- 2026125 marks
When two elephants fight, it is the grass that gets trampled.
- 2025125 marks
Best lessons are learnt through bitter experiences.
- 2024125 marks
Nearly all men can stand adversity, but to test the character, give him power.
Universal truth vs Practical access
2 questions- 2025125 marks
Truth knows no colour.
- 2021125 marks
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
Creation vs Destruction
2 questions- 2024125 marks
Forests precede civilizations and deserts follow them.
- 2022125 marks
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
Long term view vs Short term view
2 questions- 2025125 marks
The years teach much which the days never know.
- 2022125 marks
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
Logic vs Beauty
2 questions- 2026125 marks
Oxymorons reflect the ironies of life.
- 2023125 marks
Mathematics is the music of reason.
Knowledge vs Wisdom
2 questions- 2026125 marks
A well-educated mind will always have more questions than answers.
- 2023125 marks
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.
Substance vs Imitation
1 question- 2021125 marks
History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
Clarity vs Concealment
1 question- 2022125 marks
A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
Freedom vs Rightness
1 question- 2022125 marks
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.
Conflict vs Harmony
1 question- 2023125 marks
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Ordinary vs Extraordinary
1 question- 2023125 marks
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Restriction vs Demand
1 question- 2023125 marks
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands, two equally harmful disciplines.
Justice vs Charity
1 question- 2023125 marks
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Doubt vs Belief
1 question- 2024125 marks
The doubter is a true man of science.
Connection vs Isolation
1 question- 2024125 marks
Social media is triggering the ‘fear of missing out’ amongst the youth, precipitating depression and loneliness.
Simplicity vs Depth
1 question- 2024125 marks
All ideas having large consequences are always simple.
