Science & Tech PYQs

Which of the following statements with regard to genetic medicine is/are correct? 1. Genetic medicines correct/compensate for the faulty genes responsible for disease. 2. Engineered viruses and lipid nanoparticles are used as carriers of the genetic medicine. 3. Genetic medicines alter the entire DNA sequence.

Which of the following statements with regard to Genome India Project is/are correct? 1. It is a part of the Human Genome Project. 2. The project is funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India. 3. Its primary aim is to build a catalogue of genetic diversity of the Indian population.

“Membrane Bioreactors” are often discussed in the context of:

‘Aerial metagenomics’ best refers to which one of the following situations?

‘Microsatellite DNA’ is used in the case of which one of the following?

Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body ?

Consider the following statements : 1. Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues. 2. Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces. 3. Biofilms can exhibit antibiotic resistance. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements : DNA Barcoding can be a tool to : 1. assess the age of a plant or animal. 2. distinguish among species that look alike. 3. identify undesirable animal or plant materials in processed foods. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

In the context of hereditary diseases, consider the following statements: 1. Passing on mitochondrial diseases from parent to child can be prevented by mitochondrial replacement therapy either before or after in vitro fertilization of the egg. 2. A child inherits mitochondrial diseases entirely from the mother and not from the father. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Consider the following: 1. Bacteria 2. Fungi 3. Virus Which of the above can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium?

The term ‘ACE2’ is talked about in the context of

In the context of recent advances in human reproductive technology, “Pronuclear Transfer” is used for

Consider the following statements: (1) Genetic changes can be introduced in the cells that produce eggs or sperms of a prospective parent. (2) A person’s genome can be edited before birth at the early embryonic stage. (3) Human induced pluripotent stem cells can be injected into the embryo of a pig. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

What is Cas9 protein that is often mentioned in news?

The word ‘Denisovan’ is sometimes mentioned in media in reference to

Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India? 1. Genetic predisposition of some people 2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases 3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming 4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people Select the correct answer using the code given below.

With reference to the recent developments in science, which one of the following statements is not correct?

RNA interference (RNAi)’ technology has gained popularity in the last few years. Why? 1. It is used in developing gene silencing therapies. 2. It can be used in developing therapies for-the treatment of cancer. 3. It can be used to develop hormone replacement therapies. 4. It can be used to produce crop plants that are resistant to viral pathogens. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of `genome sequencing’, often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future? 1. Genome sequencing can be used to identify genetic markers far disease resistance and drought tolerance in various crop plants. 2. This technique helps in reducing the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants. 3. It can be used to decipher the host-pathogen relationships in crops. Select the correct- answer using the code given below:

What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology?

In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term ‘transcriptome’, sometimes seen in the news, refers to

Recombinant DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) allows genes to be transferred (1). across different species of plants (2). from animals to plants (3). from microorganisms to higher organisms Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables the plants to (1). resist drought and increase absorptive area (2). tolerate extremes of pH (3). resist disease infestation Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

With reference to ‘stem cells’, frequently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Stem cells can be derived from mammals only. 2. Stem cells can be used for screening new drugs. 3. Stem cells can be used for medical therapies.

At present, scientists can determine the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome. How does this knowledge benefit us? 1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock. 2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases. 3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds.

In the context of genetic disorders, consider the following : A woman suffers from colour blindness while her husband does not suffer from it. They have a son and a daughter. In this context, which one of the following statements is most probable) correct ?

Consider the following actions: 1. Detection of car crash/collision which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously 2. Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive. 3. Detection of the tilt of the smart phone which results in the rotation of display between portrait and landscape mode In how many of the above actions is the function of accelerometer required?

Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in media?

In a pressure cooker, the temperature at which the food is cooked depends mainly upon which of the following? 1. Area of the hole in the lid 2. Temperature of the flame 3. Weight of the lid Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The terms `Event Horizon’, ‘Singularity’, `String Theory’ and `Standard Model’ are sometimes seen in the news in the context of

What is the purpose of ‘evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (ELISA)’ project?

In the context of modern scientific research, consider the following statements about ‘IceCube’, a particle detector located at South Pole, which was recently in the news : (1) It is he world’s largest neutrino detector, encompassing a cubic kilometer of ice. (2) It is a powerful telescope to search for dark matter. (3) It is buried deep in the ice. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Ball bearings are used in bicycles, cars, etc., because

The known forces of nature can be divided into four classes, viz., gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force. With reference to them, which one of the following statements is not correct?

The efforts to detect the existence of Higgs boson particle have become frequent news in the recent past. What is/are the importance/ importances of discovering this particle? (1). It will enable us to under-stand as to why elementary particles have mass. (2). It will enable us in the near future to develop the technology of transferring matter from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them. (3). It will enable us to create better fuels for nuclear fission. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

What is the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the water purification systems? 1. It inactivates/kills the harmful microorganisms in water. 2. It removes all the undesirable odours from the water. 3. It quickens the sedimentation of solid particles, removes turbidity and improves the clarity of water.

A team of scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory including those from India created the heaviest antimatter (anti-helium nucleus). What is/are the implication/ implications of the creation of antimatter? 1. It will make mineral prospecting and oil exploration easier and cheaper. 2. It will help probe the possibility of the existence of stars and galaxies made of antimatter. 3. It will help understand the evolution of the universe.

Electrically charged particles from space travelling at speeds of several hundred km/sec can severely harm living beings if they reach the surface of the Earth. What prevents them from reaching the surface of the Earth?

Which of the following is/are cited by the scientists as evidence/evidences for the continued expansion of the universe? 1. Detection of microwaves in space 2. Observation of redshift phenomenon in space 3. Movement of asteroids in space 4. Occurrence of supernova explosions in space

Consider the following statements: If there were no phenomenon of capillarity 1. it would be difficult to use a kerosene lamp 2. one would not be able to use a straw to consume a soft drink 3. the blotting paper would paper would fail to function 4. the big trees that we see around would not have grown on the earth Which of the following statements given above are correct?

The surface of a lake is frozen in severe winter, but the water at its bottom is still liquid. What is the reason?

An artificial satellite orbiting around the Earth does not fall down. This is so because the attraction of Earth

India-based Neutrino Observatory is included by the Planning Commission as a mega science project under the 11th five-Year Plan. In this context, consider the following statements: 1. Neutrinos are chargeless elementary particles that travel close to the speed of light. 2. Neutrinos are created in nuclear reactions of beta decay. 3. Neutrinos have a negligible, but nonzero mass. 4. Trillions of Neutrinos pass through human body every second. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

What is the principle by which a cooling system(Radiator) in a motor car works:

In a dry cell (battery), which of the following are used as electrolytes ?

Which one of the following types of waves are used in a night vision apparatus ?

In the year 2008, which one of the following conducted a complex scientific experiment in which sub-atomic particles were accelerated to nearly the speed of light ?

Assertion (A): Radio waves bend in a magnetic field. Reason (R): Radio waves are electromagnetic in nature.

Consider the following statements: 1. A widely used musical scale called diatonic scale has seven frequencies. 2. The frequency of the note Sā is 256 Hz and that of Nī is 512 Hz.

Which one of the following laser types is used in a laser printer?

Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India: 1. It aims to enhance India’s air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities. 2. Designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India’s strategic autonomy. 3. One of the aims is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035.

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India? 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks 3. Akula Class Submarine

Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? (Indian Army Corps) : (Headquarters)

Which of the following statements with regard to stealth technology is/are correct? 1. Stealth objects have a very small radar cross-section and are coated with Radar Absorbing Material. 2. Stealth objects can be detected using specific frequencies. 3. Stealth objects are coated with metamaterials to increase the scattering of electromagnetic radiation.

Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct? 1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre. 2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm. 3. GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack.

With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements: I. All types of UAVs can do vertical landing. II. All types of UAVs can do automated hovering. III. All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply. Which of the statements given above are correct?

What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

With reference to India’s defence, consider the following pairs: Aircraft type : Description I. Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft II. IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft III. C-17 Globemaster III : Military transport aircraft How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following aircraft: 1. Rafael 2. MiG-29 3. Tejas MK-1 How many of the above are considered fifth generation fighter aircraft?

Which of the following is/are correctly matched in terms of equivalent rank in the three services of Indian Defence forces? Army : Airforce : Navy 1. Brigadier : Air Commodore : Commander 2. Major General : Air Vice Marshal : Vice Admiral 3. Major : Squadron Leader : Lieutenant Commander 4. Lieutenant Colonel : Group Captain : Captain Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements: 1. Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their fights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight. 2. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

What is “Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)”, sometimes seen in the news ?

Which one of the following is the best description of ‘INS Astradharini’, that was in the news recently?

With reference to Agni-IV Missile, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is surface-to surface missile. 2. It is fuelled by liquid propellant only. 3. It can deliver one-tonne nuclear warheads about 7500km away. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

In the context of Indian defence, consider the following statements : 1. The Shourya missile flies with a speed of more than 8 Mach. 2. The range of Shourya missile is more than 1600 km. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?

Consider the following statements : 1. INS Sindhughosh is an aircraft carrier. 2. INS Viraat is a submarine. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?

In the context of the Indian defence, what is ‘Dhruv’?

Hand-in-Hand 2007’, a joint anti-terrorism military training was held by the officers of the Indian Army and officers of the Army of which one of the following countries?

What is Agent Orange?

From which one of the following did India buy the Barak anti-missile defence systems?

‘Wolbachia method’ is sometimes talked about with reference to which one of the following?

Consider the following statements: 1.Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes, whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes. 2.The common cold is sometimes caused by an adenovirus, whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

Consider the following: 1. Birds 2. Dust blowing 3. Rain 4. Wind blowing Which of the above spread plant diseases?

Consider the following statements: 1. In tropical regions, Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue. 2. Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

HINI virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases?

Among the following, which were frequently mentioned in the news for the outbreak of Ebola virus recently?

Consider the following pairs : Vitamin : Deficiency disease 1. Vitamin C : Scurvy 2. Vitamin D : Rickets 3. Vitamin E : Night Blindness Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Consider the following diseases: 1. Diphtheria 2. Chickenpox 3. Smallpox Which of the above diseases has/have been eradicated in India?

Improper handling and storage of Cereal grains and oilseeds result in the production of toxins known as aflatoxins which are not generally destroyed by normal cooking process. Aflatoxins are produced by

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing? (1). Chikungunya (2). Hepatitis B (3). HIV-AIDS Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

A company marketing food product advertises that its items do not contain trans-fats. What does this campaign signify to the customers? 1. The food products are not made out of hydrogenated oils. 2. The food products are not made out of animal fats/oils. 3. The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers.

Widespread resistance of malarial parasite to drugs like chloroquine has prompted attempts to develop a malarial vaccine to combat malaria. Why is it difficult to develop an effective malaria vaccine ?

Recently, LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) procedure is being made popular for vision correction. Which one of the following statements in this context is not correct ?

Consider the following statements: 1. Hepatitis B is several times more infectious than HIV/AIDS 2. Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer Which of the statement given above is/ are correct?

With regard to the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which one of the following statement if not correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. Every individual in the population is equally susceptible host for Swine Flu. 2. Antibiotics have no role in the primary treatment of Swine Flu 3. To prevent the future spread of Swine Flu in the epidemic area, the swine (pigs) must all be culled Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to the treatment of cancerous tumours, a tool called cyberknife has been making the news. In this context, which one of the following statements is not correct ?

With reference to monoclonal antibodies, consider the following: I. They are man-made proteins. II. They stimulate the patient’s immune system to fight the specific disease. III. They are produced using animal cells only. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements : I. No virus can survive in/ocean waters. II. No virus can infect bacteria. III. No virus can change the cellular transcriptional activity in host cells. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which one of the following is synthesised in human body that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow?

Consider the following statements in respect of probiotics : 1. Probiotics are made of both bacteria and yeast. 2. The organisms in probiotics are found in foods we ingest but they do not naturally occur in our gut. 3. Probiotics help in the digestion of milk sugars. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant and animal cells? (1) Plant cells have cellulose cell walls whilst animal cells do not. (2) Plant cells do not have plasma membrane unlike animal cells which do. (3) Mature plant cell has one large vacuole vacuoles. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements is/are correct? Viruses can infect 1. Bacteria 2. Fungi 3. Plants Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following techniques/ phenomena: 1. Budding and grafting in fruit plants 2. Cytoplasmic male sterility 3. Gene silencing Which of the above is/are used to create transgenic crops?

Which of the following statements is/are correct? (1). Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy. (2). Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium. (3). Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Consider the following minerals : (1). Calcium (2). Iron (3). Sodium Which of the minerals given above is/are required by human body for the contraction of muscles?

Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because

A married couple adopted a male child. A few years later, twin boys were born to them. The blood group of the couple is AB positive and O negative. The blood group of the three sons is A positive, B positive, and O positive. The blood group of the adopted son is?

Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity?

Which one of the following processes in the bodies of living organisms is a digestive process?

Consider the following statements about probiotic food: 1. Probiotic food contains live bacteria which are considered beneficial to humans. 2. Probiotic food helps in maintaining gut flora.

Assertion (A): In the human body, liver has an important role in fat digestion. Reason (R): Liver produces two important fat-digesting enzymes.

Consider the following: I. Cigarette butts II. Eyeglass lenses III. Car tyres How many of them contain plastic?

Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid because

Which of the following is/are the example/examples of chemical change? 1. Crystallization of sodium chloride 2. Melting of ice 3. Souring of milk Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Fruits stored in a cold chamber exhibit longer storage life because

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener sold in the market. It consists of amino acids and provides calories like other amino acids. Yet, it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent in food items. What is the basis of this use?

If a potato is placed on a pure paper plate which is white and unprinted and put in a microwave oven, the potato heats up but the paper plate does not. This is because:

Chlorination is a process used for water-purification. The disinfecting action of chlorine is mainly due to

Indiscriminate disposal of used fluorescent electric lamps causes mercury pollution in the environment. Why is mercury used in the manufacture of these lamps ?

Which one of the following is used as an explosive ?

What is the pH level of blood of a normal person?

Which one of the following pairs of metals constitutes the lightest metal and the heaviest metal, respectively?

Mixture of which one of the following pairs of gases is the cause of occurrence of most of the explosions in mines?

What are rubies and sapphires chemically known as?

Which one of the following is also called Stranger Gas?

Consider the following statements: I. Indian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to create a future ready railway system by 2028. II. ‘Kavach’ is an Automatic Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany. III. ‘Kavach’ system consists of RFID tags fitted on track in station section. Which of the statements given above are not correct?

Consider the following communication technologies : 1. Closed-circuit Television 2. Radio Frequency Identification 3. Wireless Local Area Network Which of the above are considered Short-Range devices/technologies?

With reference to Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct? (1) VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths 375 to 780 nm. (2) VLC is known as long-range optical wireless communication. (3) VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth, (4) VLC has no electromagnetic interference. Select the correct using the code given below:

With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference / differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)? 1. LTE ‘is commonly marketed as 3G and VoLTE is commonly marketed as advanced 3G. 2. LTE is data-only technology and VoLTE is voice-only technology.

In the context of wearable technology, which of the following tasks is/are accomplished by wearable devices? 1. Location identification of a person 2. Sleep monitoring of a person 3. Assisting the hearing impaired person Select the correct answer using the code given below.

In which of the following areas can GPS technology be used ? 1. Mobile phone operations 2. Banking operations 3. Controlling the power grids Select the correct answer using the code given below :

When the alarm of your smartphone rings in the morning, you wake up and tap it to stop the alarm which causes your geyser to be switched on automatically. The smart mirror in your bathroom shows the day’s weather and also indicates the level of water in your overhead tank. After you take some groceries from your refrigerator for making breakfast, it recognises the shortage of stock in it and places an order for the supply of fresh grocery items. When you step’ out of your house and lock the door, all lights, fans, geysers and AC machines get switched off automatically. On your way to office, your car warns you about traffic congestion ahead and suggests an alternative route, and if you are late for a meeting, it sends a message to your office accordingly. In the context of emerging communication technologies, which one of the following terms best applies to the above scenario?

With reference to ‘LiFi’, recently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It uses light as the medium for highspeed data transmission. 2. It is a wireless technology and is several times faster than ‘WiFi’. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

With reference to ‘Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology’, which of the following statements is/are correct : (1) It is a contactless communication technology that uses electromagnetic radio fields. (2) NFC is designed for use by devices which can be at a distance of even a metre from each other. (3) NFC can use encryption when sending sensitive information. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

What is a “Virtual Private Network”?

What is the difference between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices?

Consider the following : 1. Bluetooth device 2. Cordless phone 3. Microwave oven 4. Wi-Fi device Which of the above can operate between 2-4 and 2-5 GHz range of radio frequency band ?

Which among the following do/ does not belong/belongs to the GSM family of wireless technologies ?

WiMAX is related to which one of the following ?

Which of the following statements about DHRUV64 is/are correct? 1. It is the third chip fabricated under the DIR-V Programme to enable creation of microprocessors for India. 2. It is India’s first homegrown 1.0 GHz, 64bit dual-core microprocessor.

Which of the following statements with regard to India’s indigenous new high resolution weather model, the ‘Bharat Forecast System,’ is/are correct? 1. Its objective is to generate forecasts at the Panchayats cluster level. 2. It was developed by IIT Delhi.

Which of the following statements with regard to Black Boxes used in modern aircrafts is/are correct? 1. They carry a beacon emitting red light pulses to facilitate underwater detection. 2. They record both the cockpit voice and flight data. 3. Their memory units are made using either stainless steel or titanium.

Which of the following statements with regard to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is/are correct? 1. It aims at developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits. 2. Its implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in academic and national R&D institutes across India.

Which one of the following words/ phrases is most appropriately used to denote “an interoperable network of 3D virtual worlds that can be accessed simultaneously by millions of users, who can exert property rights over virtual items”?

Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned?

With reference to “Software as a Service (SaaS)”, consider the following statements : 1. SaaS buyers can customise the user interface and can change data fields. 2. SaaS users can access their data through their mobile devices. 3. Outlook, Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail are forms of SaaS. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

Consider the following statements: A digital signature is 1. an electronic record that identifies the certifying authority issuing it 2. used to serve as a proof of identity of an individual to access information or server on Internet. 3. an electronic method of signing an electronic document and ensuring that the original content is unchanged Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements: 1. In Augmented Reality (AR), a simulated environment is created and the physical world is completely shut out. 2. In Virtual Reality (VR), images generated from a computer are projected onto real-life objects or surroundings. 3. AR allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experience using the camera of smart-phone or PC. 4. VR closes the world, and transposes an individual, providing complete immersion experience. Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

3D printing’ has applications in which of the following? 1.Preparation of confectionery items 2.Manufacture of bionic ears 3.Automotive industry 4.Reconstructive surgeries 5.Data processing technologies Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Consider the following pairs : Terms sometimes seen in news Context /Topic Belle II experiment Artificial Intelligence Blockchain technology Digital/ Cryptocurrency CRISPR — Cas9 Particle Physics Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

The terms ‘Wanna Cry, Petya and Eternal Blue’ sometimes mentioned in the news recently are related to

In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person? 1. Iris scanning 2. Retinal scanning 3. Voice recognition Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A new optical disc format known as the Blu-ray disc is becoming popular. In what way is it different from the traditional DVD? 1. DVD supports standard definition video while Blu-ray disc supports high-definition video. 2. Compared to a DVD, the Blu-ray disc format has several times more storage capacity. 3. Thickness of Blu-ray discs is 2.4 mm while that of DVD is 1.2 mm.

Which of the following statements with regard to India’s Deep Ocean Mission is/are correct? 1. It was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Government of India. 2. Matsya-6000 has been designed to carry 3 people for deep sea exploration. 3. Samudrayaan is a project under this mission.

Consider the following substances: I. Ethanol II. Nitroglycerine III. Urea Coal gasification technology can be used in the production of how many of them?

Recently, the term “pumped-storage hydropower” is actually and appropriately discussed in the context of which one of the following?

Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles powered by hydrogen?

Consider the following: 1. Battery storage 2. Biomass generators 3. Fuel cells 4. Rooftop solar photovoltaic units How many of the above are considered “Distributed Energy Resources”?

In which of the following are hydrogels used? 1. Controlled drug delivery in patients 2. Mobile air-conditioning systems 3. Preparation of industrial lubricants Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to green hydrogen, consider the following statements: 1. It can be used directly as a fuel for internal combustion. 2. It can be blended with natural gas and used as fuel for heat or power generation . 3. It can be used in the hydrogen fuel cell to run vehicles. How may of the abvoe statements are correct?

Consider the following heavy industries: 1. Fertilizer plants 2. Oil refineries 3. Steel plants Green hydrogen is expected to play a significant role in decarbonizing how many of the above industries?

With reference to solar water pumps, consider the following statements: 1. Solar power can be used for running surface pumps and not for submersible Pumps. 2. Solar power can be used for running centrifugal pumps and not the ones with piston. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements : (1) The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum. (2) Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to technology for solar power production, consider the following statements: 1. ‘Photovoltaics’ is a technology that generates electricity by direct conversion of light into electricity, while ‘Solar Thermal’ is a technology that utilizes the Sun’s rays to generate heat which is further used in electricity generation process. 2. Photovoltaics-generates Alternating Current (AC), while Solar Thermal generates Direct Current (DC). 3. India has manufacturing base for Solar Thermal technology, but not for photovoltaics. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Microbial fuel cells are considered a source of sustainable energy. Why? 1. They use living organisms as catalysts to generate electricity from certain substrates. 2. They use a variety of inorganic materials as substrates. 3. They can be installed in wastewater treatment plants to cleanse water and produce electricity.

Recently, “oilzapper’’ was in the news. What is it?

Which of the following pairs in respect of power generation in India is/ are correctly matched? 1. Installed electricity generation capacity: 100000 MW 2. Electricity generation: 660 billion kWh.

Consider the following statements about involvement of private entities in India’s space programme: 1. IN-SPACe is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities. 2. Agnikul Cosmos launched the world’s first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine. 3. Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV.

GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/ are correct in respect of GAGAN? I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity. II. It will allow more uniform and high-quality air traffic management. III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to India’s satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements : 1.PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites. 2.Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. 3.GSLV Mk III is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors, and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to India’s satellite launch vehicle, consider the following statements: 1.PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites. 2.Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. 3.GSLV MK III is a four-staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the following statements : 1. IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits. 2. IRNSS covers entire India and about 5500 sq. km beyond its borders. 3. India will have its own satellite navigation system with full global coverage by the middle of 2019. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Consider the following statements: The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO 1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission 2. made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after US A 3. made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to ‘Astrosat’,’ the astronomical observatory launched by India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Other than USA and Russia, India is the only country to have launched a similar observatory into space. 2. Astrosat is a 2000 kg satellite placed in an orbit at 1650 km above the surface of the Earth. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

In which of the following activities are Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites used? (1) Assessment of crop productivity (2) Locating ground water resources (3) Mineral exploration (4) Telecommunications (5) Traffic studies Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Satellites used for telecommunication relay are kept in a geostationary orbit. A satellite is said to be in such an orbit when: 1. The orbit is geosynchronous. 2. The orbit is circular. 3. The orbit lies in the plane of the earth’s equator. 4. The orbit is at an altitude of 22,236 km.

Consider the following statements : The Satellite Oceansat-2 launched by India helps in 1. estimating the water vapour content in the atmosphere. 2. predicting the onset of monsoons. 3. monitoring the pollution of coastal waters. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct ?

In the context of space technology, what is Bhuvan, recently in the news ?

India has recently landed its Moon Impact Probe on the Moon. Among the following countries, which one landed such probe on the Moon earlier ?

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Giant stars live much longer than dwarf stars. Statement-II: Compared to dwarf stars, giant stars have a greater rate of nuclear reactions. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following pairs: Objects in space Description 1. Cepheids : Giant clouds of dust and gas in sapce 2. Nebulae : Stars which brighten and dim periodically 3. Pulsars : Neutron stars that are formed when massive stars run out of fuel and collapse How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth ? 1. GPS and navigation systems could fail. 2. Tsunamis could occur at equatorial regions. 3. Power grids could be damaged. 4. Intense auroras could occur over much of the Earth. 5. Forest fires could take place over much of the planet. 6. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed. 7. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?

Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant ‘blackholes’ billions of lightyears away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation?

The term ‘Goldilocks Zone’ is often seen in the news in the context of

A person stood alone in a desert on a dark night and wanted to reach his village which was situated 5 km east of the point where he was standing. He had no instruments to find the direction, but he located the polestar. The most convenient way now to reach his village is to walk in the:

What is the difference between asteroids and comets? 1. Asteroids are small rocky planetoids, while comets are formed of frozen gases held together by rocky and metallic material. 2. Asteroids are found mostly between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars, while comets are found mostly between Venus and mercury. 3. Comets show a perceptible glowing tail, while asteroids do not. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Which one of the following planets has largest number of natural satellites or moons ?

Who of the following scientists proved that the stars with mass less than 1.44 times the mass of the Sun end up as White Dwarfs when they die?

Consider the following space missions: I. Axiom-4 II. SpaDeX III. Gaganyaan How many of the space missions given above encourage and support microgravity research?

Which one of the following countries has its own Satellite Navigation System?

“The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometres long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to

What is ‘Greased Lightning-10 (GL10)’, recently in the news?

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched ? Spacecraft Purpose 1. Cassini-Huygens : Orbiting the Venus and transmitting data to the Earth. 2. Messenger : Mapping and investigating. 3. Voyager 1 and 2 : Exploring the outer solar system. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

ISRO successfully conducted a rocket test using cryogenic engines in the year 2007. Where is the test-stand used for the purpose, located?

What is the purpose of the US Space Agency’s Themis Mission, which was recently in the news?

Which one of the following is a spacecraft?

Selene-1, the lunar orbiter mission, belongs to which one of the following?

With reference to street lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps? 1.Sodium lamps produce light in 360 degrees, but it is not so in the case of LED lamps. 2.As streetlights, sodium lamps have a longer lifespan than LED lamps. 3.The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic, while LED lamps offer significant color advantages in street lighting. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider the following phenomena : 1. Light is affected by gravity. 2. The Universe is constantly expanding. 3. Matter warps its surrounding spacetime. Which of the above is/are the prediction/ predictions of Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, often discussed in media?

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are used to create digital display in many devices. What are the advantages of OLED displays over Liquid Crystal displays? 1. OLED displays can be fabricated on flexible plastic substrates. 2. Roll-up displays embedded in clothing can be made using OLEDs. 3. Transparent/displays are possible using OLEDs Select the correct answer using the code givenbelow :

Conside the following phenomena : (1). Size of the sun at dusk (2). Colour of the sun at dawn (3). Moon being visible at dawn (4). Twinkle of stars in the sky (5). Polestar being visible in the sky Which of the above are optical illusions?

Rainbow is produced when sunlight falls on drops of rain. Which of the following physical phenomena are responsible for this? (1). Dispersion (2). Refraction (3). Internal Reflection Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

What is the difference between a CFL and a LED lamp? 1. To produce light, a CFL uses mercury vapour and phosphor while an LED lamp uses semiconductor material. 2. The average lifespan of a CFL is much longer than that of a LED lamp. 3. A CFL is less energy efficient as compared to an LED lamp.

Which one among the following has the highest energy ?

Assertion (A): In the visible spectrum of light, red light is more energetic than green light. Reason (R): The wavelength of red light is more than that of green light.

Which of the following statements regarding the features of blockchain technology are correct? 1. Records stored in the database may be made visible to relevant stakeholders without risk of alteration. 2. Copies of the entire database are stored on multiple computers on a network syncing within seconds. 3. Consortium blockchain is a blend of public and private blockchains allowing selective data access. 4. Mathematical algorithms make it impossible to change or delete any data once recorded and accepted.

Which of the following statements about Real-World Assets (RWA) Tokenization are correct? 1. Tokenization is the process of turning real world assets into digital tokens using blockchain technology. 2. Tokenization of real world assets offers 24×7 access, promoting financial inclusion. 3. Tokenization of real world assets will allow the access to high growth investment opportunities for individuals in India. Select the answer using the code given below:

With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements : 1. Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data. 2. In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks. 3. Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

With reference to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), consider the following statements : 1. They enable the digital representation of physical assets. 2. They are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a blockchain. 3. They can be traded or exchanged at equivalency and therefore can be used as a medium of commercial transactions. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

With reference to “Blockchain Technology” consider the following statements: (1) It is a public ledger that everyone can inspect, but which no single user controls. (2) The structure and design of blockchain is such that all the data in it are about cryptocurrency only. (3) Applications that depend on basic features of blockchain can be developed without anybody’s permission. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to ‘Bitcoins’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Bitcoins are tracked by the Central Banks of the countries. 2. Anyone with a Bitcoin address can send and receive Bitcoins from anyone else with a Bitcoin address. 3. Online payments can be sent without either side knowing the identity of the other. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements: 1. Carbon fibres are used in the manufacture of the components used in automobiles and aircrafts. 2. Carbon fibres once used cannot be recycled. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Consider the following statements : 1. Other than those made by humans, nanoparticles do not exist in nature. 2. Nanoparticles of some metallic oxides are used in the manufacture of some cosmetics. 3. Nanoparticles of some commercial products which enter the environment are unsafe for humans. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

With reference to carbon nanotubes, consider the following statements: (1) They can be used as carriers of drugs and antigens in the human body. (2) They can be made into artificial blood capillaries for an injured part of human body. (3) They can be used in biochemical sensors. (4) Carbon nanotubes are biodegradable. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the use of nano-technology in health sector, which of the following statements is/are correct? (1) Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology. (2) Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Graphene is frequently in the news recently. What is its importance? 1. It is a two-dimensional material and has good electrical conductivity. 2. It is one of the thinnest but strongest materials tested so far. 3. It is entirely made of silicon and has high optical transparency. 4. It can be used as ‘conducting electrodes’ required for touch screens, LCDs and organic LEDs.

With reference to radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), consider the following statements: 1. RTGs are miniature fission reactors. 2. RTGs are used for powering the onboard systems of spacecrafts. 3. RTGs can use Plutonium-238, which is a by-product of weapons development. Which of the statements given above are correct?

To meet its rapidly growing energy demand, some opine that India should pursue research and development on thorium as the future fuel of nuclear energy. In this context, what advantage does thorium hold over uranium? 1. Thorium is far more abundant in nature than uranium. 2. On the basis of per unit mass of mined mineral, thorium can generate more energy compared to natural uranium. 3. Thorium produces less harmful waste compared to uranium. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

The function of heavy water in a nuclear reactor is to?

In the year 2007, an earthquake led to massive radioactive water leakage in the largest nuclear plant in the world. In which country did it occur?

Who among the following discovered heavy water?

Consider the following activities: 1. Identification of narcotics on passengers at airports or in aircraft 2. Monitoring of precipitation 3. Tracking the migration of animals In how many of the above activities can the radars be used?

Consider the following activities: (1) Spraying pesticides on a crop field (2) Inspecting the craters of active volcanoes (3) Collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis At the present level of technology, which of the above activities can be successfully carried out by using drones?

For the measurement/estimation of which of the following are satellite images/remote sensing data used? 1. Chlorophyll content in the vegetation of a specific location 2. Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies of a specific location 3. Land surface temperatures of a specific location Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements in respect of a jet engine and a rocket: 1. A jet engine uses the surrounding air for its oxygen supply and so is unsuitable for motion in space. 2. A rocket carries its own supply of oxygen in the gas form, and fuel.

Which of the following statements with regard to Large Language Models (LLMs) used in machine learning is/are correct? 1. LLMs assign probabilities to the next possible words and then pick the one with the highest probability. 2. LLMs process data through mathematical optimization to minimise prediction errors. 3. LLMs produce unbiased outputs.

Consider the following statements: I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing. II. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS). III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following? (1) Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units (2) Create meaningful short stories and songs (3) Disease diagnosis (4) Text-to-Speech Conversion (5) Wireless transmission of electrical energy Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Nobel Prize winning scientist James D. Watson is known for his work in which area?

Who among the following scientists shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with his son?

Kim Dae-Jung won the Nobel Prize for Peace. He is from which one of the following countries?

In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements : 1. The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform. 2. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform. 3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to recent developments regarding ‘Recombinant Vector Vaccine,’ consider the following statements: 1. Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines. 2. Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India? (1) These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and sepsis. (2) Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced. (3) These vaccines have no side effects and cause no allergic reactions. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements: I. Cobalt II. Graphite III. Lithium IV. Nickel How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

Consider the following types of vehicles: I. Full battery electric vehicles II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles III. Fuel cell electric hybrid vehicles How many of the above are considered as alternative (powertrain) vehicles?

The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) recently introduced a national standard to test and assess bomb disposal system. Which of the following is/are correct? 1. The new standard is known as IS 19445 : 2025. 2. It will improve interoperability of equipment across agencies. 3. It was developed by TBRL, DRDO in collaboration with the 30th Central Scientific Research Institute, Russia.

Where was the first desalination plant in India to produce one lakh liters of freshwater per day based on low-temperature thermal desalination principle commissioned?