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GS-4

Society case studies: worked answers for social dilemmas

Six worked GS-4 society case studies, communal tension, caste discrimination, gender justice, domestic violence, NGO dilemmas and distress migration, each solved with stakeholder mapping, options analysis and a committed course of action.

30 September 2026 · 42 min read

Indian Society

Caste in India: the birth-ascribed order that refuses to die

Hierarchy by birth, purity and endogamy, how the caste system works, why it survives in cities and apps, and what the data says about its future.

27 September 2026 · 31 min read

Modern History

Against the Ancient Order: The Anti-Caste Movements That Rebuilt India

Phule called caste slavery in 1873; Ambedkar burned the Manusmriti in 1927. The anti-caste movements wrote the first draft of the equality India promised itself in 1950.

27 September 2026 · 23 min read

Ancient History

When kings turned divine: the Later Vedic makeover of Indian society

Iron axes, divine kings, rigid castes, and the birth of Indian philosophy, how the Later Vedic period (1000-600 BCE) rebuilt Indian society from the ground up.

27 September 2026 · 28 min read

Social Justice

Scheduled Castes: safeguards, schemes and persistent gaps

A GS-II guide to Scheduled Castes: constitutional safeguards, the Atrocities Act, manual scavenging, empowerment schemes and why caste gaps persist.

27 September 2026 · 38 min read

Governance

The Census: counting India and the politics of numbers

The largest administrative exercise in the world is also India’s most political dataset. The legal basis, what Census 2027 changes, why caste data divides opinion, and what the numbers decide.

27 September 2026 · 17 min read