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Polity

Fundamental Duties: Article 51A and the Verma Committee

Fundamental Duties decoded: the Swaran Singh Committee, the 42nd Amendment, all eleven duties in plain words, the Verma Committee, and the enforceability debate.

27 September 2026 · 25 min read

Polity

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties: the constitutional trinity

Fundamental Rights you can enforce, Directive Principles the state must pursue, and Duties you owe in return, plus the great Parliament-versus-court battles that defined their relationship.

27 September 2026 · 43 min read