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Polity

The Indian party system: from one-party dominance to the return of coalition politics

India's party system has been remade four times since 1952: Congress dominance, the post-1967 unravelling, the 1989-2014 coalition era, and the post-2024 reset. The full anatomy, with ECI recognition rules and the Tenth Schedule.

30 September 2026 · 15 min read

Essay

Words We Can't Agree On II: Justice, Power, Education, Freedom

Justice, power, education and freedom are the Essay paper's most returned-to words because each hides a live tension. This article splits each word into its competing definitions, climbs its concept ladder, and shows how to deploy it in a high-scoring essay.

29 September 2026 · 40 min read

Essay

Words We Can't Agree On I: Happiness, Wealth, Truth

Happiness, wealth and truth are words the Essay paper returns to again and again because their very definitions are the argument. This article maps each word's competing definitions, its concept ladder, and how to deploy it in a high-scoring essay.

29 September 2026 · 33 min read

Modern History

From Pietermaritzburg to Champaran: Gandhi's Satyagraha Laboratory

Twenty-one years in South Africa invented satyagraha; three local experiments - Champaran, Ahmedabad, Kheda - turned Gandhi from a returned lawyer into the leader of India's masses.

27 September 2026 · 36 min read

Polity

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties: the constitutional trinity

Fundamental Rights you can enforce, Directive Principles the state must pursue, and Duties you owe in return, plus the great Parliament-versus-court battles that defined their relationship.

27 September 2026 · 43 min read