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History

The Ways of Seeing: India's Six Orthodox and Three Heterodox Schools of Philosophy

Darshana literally means a way of seeing. From Nyaya's logic and Samkhya's dualism to Patanjali's Yoga, Jaimini's Mimamsa, Vedanta's Brahman and the dissenters, Charvaka, Ajivika and Ajnana, the complete GS-1 map of India's classical philosophies.

30 September 2026 · 14 min read

Modern History

From Wash to Canvas: The Story of Modern Indian Art

From Company painting and Ravi Varma's oleographs to the Bengal School's wash technique and the 1947 Progressives, the complete map of modern Indian art for UPSC.

29 September 2026 · 23 min read

Modern History

Swadeshi 1905: Boycott, Bande Mataram, and India's First Mass Classroom

For three years Bengal tried to live without Britain, boycotting Manchester cloth, building Indian mills and national schools. The Swadeshi movement was India's first mass classroom, and its laboratory for everything Gandhi later used.

27 September 2026 · 28 min read

Art & Culture

Three Buddhas, Three Worlds: Gandhara, Mathura and Amaravati

One Buddha in a toga, one on a lion throne, one dancing in limestone, plus the Gupta synthesis at Sarnath. The three great schools of Indian sculpture compared.

27 September 2026 · 25 min read

GS-4

Human values: lessons from great leaders, reformers and administrators

Human values learned from Gandhi, Vivekananda, Ambedkar, Patel, Kalam and administrators like Sreedharan and Khemka, and how family, society and schools inculcate values.

27 September 2026 · 51 min read

Social Justice

Nutrition missions: ICDS, PM-POSHAN and POSHAN 2.0

India's nutrition delivery machinery: the ICDS anganwadi network, the PM-POSHAN school meal programme, and Mission POSHAN 2.0's first-1000-days strategy.

27 September 2026 · 28 min read

Social Justice

School education: RTE, NEP 2020 and the learning crisis

The RTE Act 2009, NEP 2020 school reforms, the ASER learning crisis and the teacher problem: a complete GS-II guide to school education in India.

27 September 2026 · 45 min read