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30 results for “RAD”
Internal Security
What Security Means: The Basics of Internal Security
The primer for the whole series: national, internal, external and human security, non-traditional threats, insurgency versus militancy versus extremism, and India's policy architecture.
1 October 2026 · 5 min read
Governance
PURA: Kalam's vision of urban amenities for rural India, and the Rurban Mission that replaced it
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's PURA promised city-grade amenities in villages through public-private partnership. It faded by 2014 and the Rurban Mission took its place. The vision, the two pilots, the PPP model, and the mains lessons.
1 October 2026 · 16 min read
International Relations
India-ASEAN relations: Act East in Southeast Asia
From Look East (1991) to Act East (2014): $122 billion trade, the first ASEAN-India maritime exercise, the RCEP exit, connectivity corridors and the Indonesia anchor.
30 September 2026 · 9 min read
International Relations
India-South Korea relations: the Special Strategic Partnership
Korea’s technology meets India’s scale: the 2015 Special Strategic Partnership, the 2009 CEPA under upgrade, K-9 Vajra co-production and the trade deficit that defines the agenda.
30 September 2026 · 8 min read
International Relations
India-UAE relations: the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
From oil buyer to strategic partner: the 2022 CEPA, $100 billion trade, INR-Dirham settlement and 4.3 million Indians who make the UAE India’s most consequential Gulf relationship.
30 September 2026 · 9 min read
GS-4
Private sector case studies: worked answers for corporate dilemmas
Eight fully worked private-sector case studies for GS-4: CSR fund misuse, insider trading, toxic-discharge whistleblowing, layoffs, dual quality standards, related-party contracts, community displacement and health-data privacy, each with stakeholders, options and a recommended course of action.
30 September 2026 · 45 min read
CSAT
Critical Reasoning for CSAT
Master critical reasoning for CSAT Paper II: assumptions with the negation test, inferences with contrapositives, conclusions, strengthen-weaken and paradox questions, with solved examples.
29 September 2026 · 9 min read
Internal Security
The Narrative War: Media and Social Media
Traditional media's watchdog role, social media's threat vectors from radicalisation to deepfakes, and India's regulatory stack from Article 19 to the IT Rules, 2021: the complete GS-3 guide.
29 September 2026 · 31 min read
History
Strings, Shadows and Hands: India's Puppetry Traditions
Kathputli, Tholu Bommalata, Ravana Chhaya, Putul Nach, Pavakoothu: the four types of Indian puppetry, their regions, techniques and stories, for UPSC.
29 September 2026 · 21 min read
International Relations
India-Africa relations: the Global South partnership
From anti-colonial solidarity to the AU's G20 seat: trade above $100 billion, Lines of Credit, critical minerals, maritime security, and the 54 votes that decide UNSC reform.
28 September 2026 · 13 min read
Environment
Losing Ground: Land Degradation and Desertification
A third of India is degrading. UNCCD, Land Degradation Neutrality, the Bonn pledge, COP16 Riyadh and the Aravalli Green Wall: the complete GS-3 brief.
28 September 2026 · 57 min read
Economy
The Rupee's World Tour: Balance of Payments, Trade and Foreign Capital, Explained
From a $283 billion trade deficit to $135 billion in remittances, India's external account tells the story of an economy plugged into the world. BoP, CAD, FDI, the rupee and the WTO, decoded for GS-3.
28 September 2026 · 59 min read
Economy
The Sector That Skipped the Queue: India's Services Story
55% of GDP, 30% of jobs: why India leapfrogged from farms to services, what IT, tourism and fintech earn the country, and the paradox that remains.
28 September 2026 · 31 min read
Geography
The Economic Map of the World: Farms, Trade Blocs and the Chokepoints That Rule Trade
From shifting cultivation to plantation belts, trade blocs to the Strait of Malacca - how the world's farms, factories and shipping lanes fit together, and where India plugs in.
27 September 2026 · 33 min read
Geography
When the Earth Moves: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tsunamis
Wegener's drifting continents became plate tectonics - the one theory behind earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains and tsunamis. The most mains-relevant chapter of physical geography, with exam-grade examples.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Post-Independence India
The Third Way: How India Invented Non-Alignment
From Bandung 1955 to Belgrade 1961 to multi-alignment today: how non-alignment gave India a global voice, survived 1962 and 1971, and quietly became strategic autonomy.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Modern History
Red Flags in the Mills: Workers, Communists and Socialists
AITUC, the Meerut trial, the Tashkent communists and the Congress Socialists, the left flank that made the freedom struggle about bread as well as flags.
27 September 2026 · 22 min read
Modern History
The Other Half of the Revolution: Women in the Freedom Struggle
From Lakshmibai's cavalry charge to Usha Mehta's underground radio - the women who carried half the freedom struggle and got a paragraph in most textbooks.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Modern History
Do or Die: The Leaderless Revolt That Broke the Raj's Moral Claim
"Do or Die", then every leader was in jail by dawn, and India fought on without them: parallel governments, an underground radio, and the repression that finally broke the Raj's moral claim to rule.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Modern History
Curzon's Partition, Tilak's Thunder: How Bengal Broke the Moderate Mould
Curzon cut Bengal in two in 1905 to weaken nationalism - and radicalised a generation instead. Lal-Bal-Pal rose, the Congress split at Surat in 1907, and polite petitioning died.
27 September 2026 · 36 min read
Modern History
From traders to rulers: how the Company built its government machine (1773-1857)
Between 1773 and 1857 the Company stopped being a business and became a government, with Acts of Parliament, a steel-frame bureaucracy, Cornwallis's courts and the thana-daroga police. How the machine was built.
27 September 2026 · 28 min read
Modern History
How a trading company bought an empire: Plassey, Buxar and the conquest of Bengal
A trading company bought India's richest province in three moves, a conspiracy at Plassey, a real battle at Buxar, and an emperor's signature at Allahabad. How Bengal fell, and why it mattered.
27 September 2026 · 22 min read
Modern History
First in, last out: how four European powers fought over India, and why only Britain won
Four European powers fought for India's coasts, the Portuguese arrived first and left last, the Dutch chose trade over empire, the French nearly won. Why only Britain survived the race.
27 September 2026 · 23 min read
Art & Culture
Who guards the past? UNESCO lists, the ASI, and India's heritage frontline
44 World Heritage sites, 16 living traditions, one 1,600-year-old iron pillar, and a constant fight against smugglers, floods and neglect. How India protects its heritage.
27 September 2026 · 31 min read
Art & Culture
The Mule of Indian Architecture: Vesara and the Regional Temple Traditions
The Deccan's hybrid temple style, from the Chalukya laboratories to the Hoysala baroque, plus Bengal's hut-roofed temples and the Himalayan pagodas. Vesara decoded.
27 September 2026 · 21 min read
Art & Culture
Pyramids of Stone: The Dravida Temple Tradition
Vimana, gopuram, prakara: from the Pallava caves to Rajaraja's 66-metre Brihadeeswara and Srirangam's record-breaking gateway. The complete Dravida guide.
27 September 2026 · 23 min read
Medieval History
The Mountain Kingdom That Outlasted an Empire: Shivaji and the Marathas
Guerrilla warfare, 370 forts, the Ashtapradhan cabinet, chauth, and the 1761 disaster at Panipat. How Shivaji's mountain kingdom defied Aurangzeb and shaped modern India.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Medieval History
Sandstone to Marble: How Each Mughal Emperor Left His Mark in Stone
From Babur's paradise gardens to the Taj Mahal and Aurangzeb's spare mosques, plus the painting ateliers that went from Akbar's epics to Jahangir's zebra. A reign-by-reign tour.
27 September 2026 · 23 min read
Medieval History
The Southern Powerhouses: Cheras, Hoysalas, Kakatiyas and the Yadavas of Devagiri
While Delhi was still a Tomar town, the Deccan and the far south were ruled by dynasties UPSC loves to test: the Cheras who guarded the spice trade, the Hoysalas who carved soapstone into lace, the Kakatiyas ruled by a warrior queen, and the Yadavas whose capital became Tughlaq's dream.
27 September 2026 · 34 min read
Ancient History
Poets, Pearls and Pepper: The Sangam Age
Pepper, pearls and love poetry: the Sangam Age gave Tamilakam three crowned kings, 450 poets, and a trade surplus with Rome, but can poems be history?
27 September 2026 · 35 min read