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30 results for “WHO”

Internal Security
What Security Means: The Basics of Internal Security
The primer for the whole series: national, internal, external and human security, non-traditional threats, insurgency versus militancy versus extremism, and India's policy architecture.
1 October 2026 · 5 min read
History
The Empire's Own Rebels: Foreigners in India's Freedom Struggle
Besant, Olcott, Horniman, Cama, Nivedita, Stokes, Andrews, Mirabehn: the foreigners who funded, reported, sheltered and suffered for India's freedom, and why their presence gave the movement international legitimacy.
30 September 2026 · 11 min read
History
Money and Nationalism: The Capitalist Class in the Freedom Struggle
Mill owners who funded the Congress but feared the streets: FICCI 1927, the rupee and tariff grievances, constitutional methods, the Bombay Plan of 1944, and the permanent tension with labour and the left.
30 September 2026 · 11 min read
International Relations
The WHO: guardian of global health
The World Health Organization directs global health policy for 194 member states. This article covers its 1948 founding, mandate, PHEIC mechanism, COVID-19 record, the 2025 Pandemic Agreement, US withdrawal, and India's deep partnership.
30 September 2026 · 15 min read
International Relations
India-UAE relations: the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
From oil buyer to strategic partner: the 2022 CEPA, $100 billion trade, INR-Dirham settlement and 4.3 million Indians who make the UAE India’s most consequential Gulf relationship.
30 September 2026 · 9 min read
History
The Men Who Dug Up India's Past: Rea, Sewell, Burgess, Elliot and the Scholars of the Raj
Colonial-era archaeologists and historians and their contributions: Alexander Rea at Adichanallur, Longhurst at Hampi, Sewell's Forgotten Empire, Burgess and the Indian Antiquary, Elliot's historians; plus Madanapalle and Tagore, and Bankimchandra's novels.
30 September 2026 · 26 min read
History
Beyond the Congress: Jana Sangh, Socialists, Liberals, Swatantra and the Communists Who Ran Kerala
The parties outside the Congress umbrella: Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951), the Socialist breakaway (1948), the Liberal Federation of Sapru, the Swatantra Party as 1967's largest opposition, Kerala's first Communist government (1957) and the 1969 bank nationalization.
30 September 2026 · 26 min read
Disaster Management
From Yokohama to Sendai: Global Disaster Frameworks
The global journey of disaster risk reduction: IDNDR, the Yokohama Strategy, the Hyogo Framework, and the Sendai Framework's four priorities and seven targets, with the Sendai-vs-Hyogo table, SDG synergy, UNDRR, WHO, CDRI and the G20 DRR Working Group.
29 September 2026 · 31 min read
Polity
Law Officers of India: Attorney General, Solicitor General and Advocate General
The Attorney General under Article 76, the Solicitor General and Additional Solicitors General under the 1987 Rules, and the Advocate General under Article 165: who India's law officers are, what they do, and how they differ from the Law Minister.
29 September 2026 · 20 min read
Indian Society
Whose Womb, Whose Right? Surrogacy Law and Ethics in India
India went from the world's surrogacy bazaar to an altruistic-only law. The Surrogacy and ART Acts of 2021, landmark judgments, ethics and global models explained.
29 September 2026 · 27 min read
Environment
What We Throw Away: Waste Management in India
India generates 170,000 tonnes of solid waste daily. This primer covers the waste streams, the SWM Rules 2026, plastic and e-waste regulation, EPR, and the informal workers who recycle India.
28 September 2026 · 45 min read
Environment
Laws for the Living World: CBD, the BD Act and Forest Amendments
From the Convention on Biological Diversity to the Biological Diversity Act and the contested 2023 forest law amendments: how India governs who uses the living world and who gets paid.
28 September 2026 · 43 min read
Modern History
The men who ruled India: Governor-Generals and Viceroys, and the reforms prelims loves to match
From Warren Hastings to Mountbatten: who ruled India, when, and which reform belongs to whom. The viceroy-reform match-list is prelims' favourite format; this article is its home.
28 September 2026 · 35 min read
Economy
The Final Sheet: Master Revision for the Indian Economy
The last-week revision sheet: sector shares, the macro dashboard, thresholds, committees, mnemonics and PYQ trend analysis for the whole Indian Economy library.
28 September 2026 · 31 min read
Economy
Whose Growth Is It Anyway? Inclusive Growth, SDGs and Sustainability
Is India's growth shared? Theories of inclusive growth, the measurement toolkit (MPI, Gini, HDI, IHDI), the poverty report card, and the sustainability question, with 2025 data.
28 September 2026 · 43 min read
Economy
Who Pays for the State? Direct vs Indirect Taxes and the GST Story
CBDT vs CBIC, the 101st Amendment, the GST Council's 5%-18% Next-Gen overhaul, India's tax system decoded for Prelims and Mains.
28 September 2026 · 49 min read
Economy
The Market Where India Puts Its Savings to Work: Financial Markets and SEBI, Explained
From T-bills to InvITs: how India's money and capital markets work, who regulates them, and the instruments, CBLOs, bonds, REITs, that UPSC keeps asking about.
28 September 2026 · 49 min read
Economy
Inflation: Why Prices Rise and How India Fights Back
Why prices rise, how India measures it, and the fightback toolkit. Demand-pull vs cost-push, CPI vs WPI, food inflation's structural roots, and who wins when prices climb.
28 September 2026 · 37 min read
Economy
Who Counts as Poor, Who Counts as Jobless
Who counts as poor, who counts as jobless? The measuring instruments UPSC tests: Tendulkar and Rangarajan poverty lines, the MPI, PLFS unemployment data, and India's two Ginis.
28 September 2026 · 36 min read
Indian Society
The Invisible Majority: Who Really Counts as Vulnerable in India?
From 2.68 crore persons with disabilities to 150 million ageing Indians, UPSC's 2026 disability question proves vulnerable sections are now core syllabus. A data-driven map of who is vulnerable, why, and what the state owes them.
27 September 2026 · 38 min read
Post-Independence India
77 Years on One Page: The Master Timeline of Independent India
Every high-yield date from 1947 to 2024 on one page: independence, wars, Emergency, 1991 reforms, Pokhran-II, GST, Chandrayaan-3. The rapid-revision spine of the whole library.
27 September 2026 · 59 min read
Modern History
Ninety Years in One Page: The Complete Freedom Struggle Timeline
1857 to 1947 in one sweep: the revolt, the splits, the three mass movements, the constitutional milestones, your last-night revision sheet for the whole freedom struggle.
27 September 2026 · 32 min read
Modern History
The Other Half of the Revolution: Women in the Freedom Struggle
From Lakshmibai's cavalry charge to Usha Mehta's underground radio - the women who carried half the freedom struggle and got a paragraph in most textbooks.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Modern History
The Soil Rebels: Peasant Movements That Forced India to Listen
From the indigo fields of Bengal to the armed villages of Telangana, peasant revolts fed the national movement its mass base, and its toughest questions about who freedom was really for.
27 September 2026 · 23 min read
Modern History
The Movement That Made India Believe It Could Win, Then Gandhi Stopped It
In August 1920, Gandhi asked a whole nation to stop cooperating with its rulers, and for the first time since 1857, India answered as one. Then a mob in a UP village burned 22 policemen alive, and Gandhi pulled the plug on his own movement.
27 September 2026 · 33 min read
Modern History
Bombs in Bengal, Ghadar Across the Seas: The First Revolutionary Wave
From Bengal's secret societies to Sikh farmers in California plotting a mutiny, the first revolutionary wave tried by bomb and pistol what petitions could not do - and produced martyrs who outlived every viceroy.
27 September 2026 · 43 min read
Modern History
The Indian Renaissance: Reformers Who Rebuilt a Society Before a Nation
Before India could imagine a nation, it had to reimagine its society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dayanand, Vivekananda and Ranade rebuilt Indian self-confidence - and that confidence became nationalism.
27 September 2026 · 42 min read
Modern History
Who owned India's land? The three revenue experiments that broke the peasant
Bengal's tax-collectors became landlords, Madras dealt directly with the peasant, the north taxed whole villages. Three revenue experiments, one verdict: the peasant paid for the empire.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Art & Culture
Who guards the past? UNESCO lists, the ASI, and India's heritage frontline
44 World Heritage sites, 16 living traditions, one 1,600-year-old iron pillar, and a constant fight against smugglers, floods and neglect. How India protects its heritage.
27 September 2026 · 31 min read
Art & Culture
Before the brush became a camera: the 2,000-year story of Indian painting
From the candle-lit caves of Ajanta to the mud walls of Mithila, Indian painting has always been storytelling in colour, and UPSC loves asking who painted what, where, and how.
27 September 2026 · 31 min read