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International Relations

UNESCO: culture, science and soft power

UNESCO is the UN agency for education, science and culture, custodian of the World Heritage List. This article covers its 1945 founding, mandate, heritage conventions, the US withdrawal saga, and India's 43 World Heritage Sites.

30 September 2026 · 15 min read

CSAT

Profit and Loss for CSAT: Percentages, Discounts and Dishonest Dealers

Master Profit and Loss for CSAT Paper II: cost versus selling price, the same-SP trap, discounts on marked price, dishonest-dealer problems, with PYQs and practice sets.

29 September 2026 · 11 min read

Agriculture

Food Processing: India's Sunrise Sector

Scope, significance and constraints of food processing, the upstream-downstream framework, PMKSY, PMFME and PLI, the AMUL template and the KERA coconut model.

29 September 2026 · 18 min read

Essay

Words We Can't Agree On II: Justice, Power, Education, Freedom

Justice, power, education and freedom are the Essay paper's most returned-to words because each hides a live tension. This article splits each word into its competing definitions, climbs its concept ladder, and shows how to deploy it in a high-scoring essay.

29 September 2026 · 40 min read

Essay

Words We Can't Agree On I: Happiness, Wealth, Truth

Happiness, wealth and truth are words the Essay paper returns to again and again because their very definitions are the argument. This article maps each word's competing definitions, its concept ladder, and how to deploy it in a high-scoring essay.

29 September 2026 · 33 min read

International Relations

India-Central Asia: the extended neighbourhood

Five republics, one connectivity veto: uranium and gas stakes, Chabahar and INSTC corridors, the SCO anchor, and the New Great Game India must navigate.

28 September 2026 · 11 min read

Environment

Powering the Transition: Energy, SDGs and LiFE

India's energy transition is the bridge between development and climate action. This article covers renewable energy, DISCOMs, the SDGs, and Mission LiFE for UPSC GS-3.

28 September 2026 · 54 min read

Art & Culture

Who guards the past? UNESCO lists, the ASI, and India's heritage frontline

44 World Heritage sites, 16 living traditions, one 1,600-year-old iron pillar, and a constant fight against smugglers, floods and neglect. How India protects its heritage.

27 September 2026 · 31 min read

Ancient History

The cities that planned their drains 4,000 years before modern plumbing

In 1921, a railway contractor's dig in Punjab unearthed a 4,500-year-old city with better drains than many modern towns. Inside the discovery, extent, and grid-planned genius of the Harappan world.

27 September 2026 · 23 min read

International Relations

The SCO: India's Eurasian balancing act

Why India joined a China-led Eurasian security forum in 2017, what it gains from RATS, Central Asia access and the diplomatic platform, and where China and Pakistan limit the payoff.

27 September 2026 · 16 min read

International Relations

The QUAD and the Indo-Pacific: India's minilateral turn

From the 2004 tsunami core group to the 2024 Wilmington Declaration: what the Quad is, what it does beyond security, and how India balances it with BRICS and the SCO.

27 September 2026 · 23 min read

International Relations

India-Russia: the tested friendship in a changing order

From Soviet-era defence dependence to discounted crude and a $68-billion trade relationship: how India sustains its oldest strategic partnership while deepening ties with the West.

27 September 2026 · 23 min read

Polity

Anti-Defection Law: the Tenth Schedule and its discontents

The Tenth Schedule from 1985 to today: disqualification triggers, the merger exception, the 91st Amendment, Kihoto Hollohan, and the Speaker's conflict of interest.

27 September 2026 · 25 min read