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30 results for “Mode”
Governance
PURA: Kalam's vision of urban amenities for rural India, and the Rurban Mission that replaced it
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's PURA promised city-grade amenities in villages through public-private partnership. It faded by 2014 and the Rurban Mission took its place. The vision, the two pilots, the PPP model, and the mains lessons.
1 October 2026 · 16 min read
History
Vitasta to Eripatti: The River Names, Tribal Languages and Land Terms UPSC Loves to Test
Ancient river names and their modern equivalents, the tribal languages Halbi Ho and Kui, Chola land-grant terms like Eripatti, and the Banjaras: the term-definition pairs that recur in UPSC prelims, decoded in tables.
30 September 2026 · 27 min read
Agriculture
Food Processing: India's Sunrise Sector
Scope, significance and constraints of food processing, the upstream-downstream framework, PMKSY, PMFME and PLI, the AMUL template and the KERA coconut model.
29 September 2026 · 18 min read
Internal Security
Building Atmanirbhar Defence: Modernisation and Indigenisation
From DAP 2020 and iDEX to theatre commands, the Agniveer reform and the lessons of Operation Sindoor: how India is rebuilding its military for hybrid warfare and strategic autonomy.
29 September 2026 · 36 min read
Governance
Land records modernisation in India: DILRMP, ULPIN and the road to conclusive titling
From presumptive paper records to Bhu-Aadhaar: how DILRMP, ULPIN, SVAMITVA and state portals are modernising India's land records, and why conclusive titling remains the unfinished reform.
29 September 2026 · 25 min read
Indian Society
Whose Womb, Whose Right? Surrogacy Law and Ethics in India
India went from the world's surrogacy bazaar to an altruistic-only law. The Surrogacy and ART Acts of 2021, landmark judgments, ethics and global models explained.
29 September 2026 · 27 min read
Modern History
From Wash to Canvas: The Story of Modern Indian Art
From Company painting and Ravi Varma's oleographs to the Bengal School's wash technique and the 1947 Progressives, the complete map of modern Indian art for UPSC.
29 September 2026 · 23 min read
Modern History
1916: the Home Rule Leagues and the year nationalism went year-round
Tilak's and Besant's Home Rule Leagues (1916) demanded self-government within the Empire, built India's first year-round political machine, and forced the Montagu Declaration.
28 September 2026 · 19 min read
Modern History
A century of sparks: the civil uprisings before 1857
Paika, Pazhassi Raja, Velu Thampi, the Poligars, Kukas, Pagal Panthis and a dozen more: the civil uprisings that shook Company rule before 1857, with leaders, regions and causes.
28 September 2026 · 35 min read
Modern History
The men who ruled India: Governor-Generals and Viceroys, and the reforms prelims loves to match
From Warren Hastings to Mountbatten: who ruled India, when, and which reform belongs to whom. The viceroy-reform match-list is prelims' favourite format; this article is its home.
28 September 2026 · 35 min read
Economy
Building the Nation: Infrastructure, PPP Models and the Energy Transition
Roads, railways, ports, airports, power: how India finances, builds and runs its infrastructure, PPP models, Gati Shakti, UDAN, Sagarmala and the 51% non-fossil energy milestone.
28 September 2026 · 69 min read
Indian Society
From Chipko to Hashtags: The New Grammar of Social Movements
From Chipko's tree-huggers to the Lokpal crowds to #MeToo India: how Indian social movements reinvented themselves after 1980, environmental, feminist, anti-corruption, and digital-age waves, with their critiques.
27 September 2026 · 36 min read
Indian Society
Family and marriage in India: the joint household meets the modern couple
From the joint family life cycle to live-in relationships and same-sex marriage, how kinship, marriage and family are being rewritten in India.
27 September 2026 · 42 min read
World History
Capitalism, Socialism, Communism: The Three Ideas That Ran the Modern World
Three philosophies, one industrial revolution, and a century of revolution and rivalry. A crisp, UPSC-focused comparison of capitalism, socialism and communism.
27 September 2026 · 12 min read
World History
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: The French Revolution That Refused to Die
The French Revolution invented the modern nation, popular sovereignty, and secularism, and exported them at bayonet point. Why 1789 still shapes democracy, human rights, and nationalism today.
27 September 2026 · 12 min read
Modern History
Ninety Years in One Page: The Complete Freedom Struggle Timeline
1857 to 1947 in one sweep: the revolt, the splits, the three mass movements, the constitutional milestones, your last-night revision sheet for the whole freedom struggle.
27 September 2026 · 32 min read
Modern History
Two Nations, One Tragedy: Communalism and the Road to Partition
From Dhaka 1906 to Lahore 1940 to Calcutta's blood in 1946, how religious identity became political currency, and how the two-nation theory ended in Partition.
27 September 2026 · 19 min read
Modern History
Red Flags in the Mills: Workers, Communists and Socialists
AITUC, the Meerut trial, the Tashkent communists and the Congress Socialists, the left flank that made the freedom struggle about bread as well as flags.
27 September 2026 · 22 min read
Modern History
Against the Ancient Order: The Anti-Caste Movements That Rebuilt India
Phule called caste slavery in 1873; Ambedkar burned the Manusmriti in 1927. The anti-caste movements wrote the first draft of the equality India promised itself in 1950.
27 September 2026 · 23 min read
Modern History
The Other Half of the Revolution: Women in the Freedom Struggle
From Lakshmibai's cavalry charge to Usha Mehta's underground radio - the women who carried half the freedom struggle and got a paragraph in most textbooks.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read
Modern History
When the Hills Rose: Tribal Revolts Against the Raj
Santhals, Mundas, Khasis, Nagas - tribal revolts fought for an entire way of life the British tried to tax into submission. Know the mainland-frontier split cold.
27 September 2026 · 21 min read
Modern History
The Soil Rebels: Peasant Movements That Forced India to Listen
From the indigo fields of Bengal to the armed villages of Telangana, peasant revolts fed the national movement its mass base, and its toughest questions about who freedom was really for.
27 September 2026 · 23 min read
Modern History
The Classroom Raj: Education Under British Rule
Macaulay's Minute, Wood's Despatch, and a century of commissions: how colonial education built clerks, and accidentally built nationalists.
27 September 2026 · 34 min read
Modern History
Ink Against Empire: The Press Under British Rule
From Hickey's Gazette to the Vernacular Press Act: how the nationalist press defied censorship and became a weapon of the freedom struggle.
27 September 2026 · 34 min read
Modern History
From Company Rule to Freedom: The Constitutional Arc, 1773-1947
From the Regulating Act of 1773 to the Independence Act of 1947 - the full constitutional arc that taught India the grammar of modern government.
27 September 2026 · 34 min read
Modern History
562 Thrones, One Flag: Patel and the Integration of Princely States
562 thrones, one flag: how Patel and V.P. Menon integrated the princely states, and why Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir tested the plan.
27 September 2026 · 20 min read
Modern History
Drawing the Line: Why India Was Partitioned in 1947
Why India was divided in 1947: the collapse of compromise, Mountbatten's 72-day timetable, the Independence Act, and the human cost.
27 September 2026 · 22 min read
Modern History
The Last Gamble for a United India: Cabinet Mission to the Mountbatten Plan
The Cabinet Mission's three-tier plan was the last chance at a united India. Why it collapsed, and how Mountbatten's 3rd June Plan replaced it.
27 September 2026 · 22 min read
Modern History
Netaji's Army: How the INA and the 1946 Naval Mutiny Shook the Raj
From Bose's daring escape to the Red Fort trials and the 1946 naval mutiny, how the INA turned Britain's own soldiers against the Raj.
27 September 2026 · 25 min read
Modern History
Do or Die: The Leaderless Revolt That Broke the Raj's Moral Claim
"Do or Die", then every leader was in jail by dawn, and India fought on without them: parallel governments, an underground radio, and the repression that finally broke the Raj's moral claim to rule.
27 September 2026 · 24 min read